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Youth & Society, Vol. 29, No. 2, 197-222 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/0044118X97029002003

Racism Stress Management

Racial Socialization Beliefs and the Experience of Depression and Anger in African American Youth

HOWARD C. STEVENSON

University of Pennsylvania

JOCELYN REED

University of Maryland

PRESTON BODISON

Temple University

ANGELA BISHOP

University of Pennsylvania

The psychological effects of living in a racially hostile context are multiple. African American adolescents who respond to racial intolerance with anger and depression are silenced and vulnerable to misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. Adolescents who believe the African American family has the responsibility of raising children to be aware of societal hostilities and cultural strengths are the focus of this article. Gender differences were found, and results suggest that beliefs in various types of racial socialization differentially contribute to positive psychological outcomes for adolescents. A cultural ecological framework is used to discuss the resilience and risk of anger expression.


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